The Interplay of Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics in Kuria Verb Extensions within the Mara Region

Authors

Mary CharwiFollow

Abstract

Verb extension morphological affixes that significantly alter verb meaning are a defining characteristic of Bantu languages. This paper investigates the morphosyntactic behaviour, semantic implications, and functional roles of extensions within Kuria, a Bantu language of Tanzania. The study adopts Hyman’s morphocentric approach, specifically the CARP template (Causative-Applicative-Reciprocal-Passive), as its foundational framework to test whether Kuria adheres to this pan-Bantu default ordering. The data were collected in Tarime District (2014-2015) using a mixed methods approach, comprising questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and video stimuli with 13 rural and urban speakers, and text analysis (the Kuria Bible). Through rigorous morphosyntactic parsing, the analysis reveals that Kuria demonstrates a complex duality: while it shares core Bantu features, it exhibits significant language specific deviations from the fixed CARP template. Specifically, the study finds that the Causative-Applicative (CA) order is systematically absent, preventing the full realization of the CARP chain. Conversely, the language displays unique flexibility in reordering three-extension sequences, such as the Applicative-Causative-Reciprocal (ACR) pattern, which can be rearranged to support semantic scope rather than rigid morphology. These findings, along with evidence of extension repetition, underscore the limitations of generalized templatic models; and emphasize the necessity for in depth, individual language analyses to inform a more inclusive theoretical framework for Bantu verbal morphology.

Recommended Citation

Charwi, Mary (2025) "The Interplay of Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics in Kuria Verb Extensions within the Mara Region," Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences: Vol. 14 : No. 3 , Article 5.
Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.65085/2467-4745.1148